Wednesday, March 18, 2015

"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world" Nelson Mandela. Once he said that, and we always will remember that. We all know that studying at school is part of education, but self-education is tool which can make you free.  TOP 5 books which you should read. 

1) Without a DowryIs a play by Alexander Ostrovsky premiered on November 10, 1878 on Maly Theater stage and first published in January 1879. After a hard year spent in desperation, devastated by the abrupt (and unexplained) end of her romance with a rich man Paratov whom she was in love with and almost worshipped, Larisa decides to marry the first man who'd approach her. Karandyshev, a petty state official, proves to be silly, obnoxious and vain person, but Larisa doesn't care much for that, wishing only to finally get away from it all and go to live to the country. Suddenly Paratov arrives to Bryakhimov [described as a "large city on the bank of Volga River"] and causes a stir both in the local community and in the girl’s heart. It turns out he's about to marry a rich woman and now enjoys his last bachelor spree, selling ships he owns to get money to burn. He finds out Larisa still loves him and feels strong for her too.Karandyshev, just to show off, throws a party, inviting among others a young man Vozhevatov (Larisa's childhood friend), local millionaire Knurov (who'd earlier suggested to Larisa's mother he’d be willing to become her daughter 'sponsor' and take her to Paris should she feel that way; mother receives the offer benignly) and Paratov himself. Paratov, to punish Karandyshev (who's been rather impolite with him, in a silly way) and make Larisa see the brat for what he was, stages a kind of practical joke. Using his alcoholic actor friend's drinking prowess he makes the young man go drunk and totally expose himself, making guests laugh at him openly. Leaving Karandyshev back, Paratov, Knurov and Vozhevatov take Larisa our for a nightly picnic.As the party ends, Larisa approaches Paratov with the question and gets the straight answer: no, he won't marry her after all, for he is betrothed to that other woman. Larisa feels humiliated, betrayed and compromised. Feeling now unable to return home and face her fiancée she now hates, she thinks of suicide. Knurov and Vozhevatov discuss her position among themselves too; they end up tossing a coin to decide whose luck it will be to take her on to a romantic trip to Paris, and the older man wins, but Larisa rejects his offer. Drunk Karandyshev appears with one of the Turkish pistols from his collection and implores Larisa to return home. She bluntly refuses, declaring it was nothing but contempt that she was now feeling towards him. Desperate, he draws the pistol out and shoots her. Reaching out for the pistol, she tries to make out she'd made it with her own hand. She thanks her murderer. "You all are... good people and... I love you all", such are her last words.


2) Ward number 6- by Anton Chekhov The story opens with a description of a lunatic asylum, ward no. six, in a provincial hospital. The ward has five pitiful inmates—including the "imbecile" Jew Moiseika—and is overseen by a coarse porter named Nikita. The narrator describes how a university-educated inmate named Ivan Gromov drove himself mad with paranoia and was admitted to the asylum. The hospital is run by Dr. Andrei Yefimich Rabin, a "strange man" who became a doctor to humor his father, after actually wanting to become a priest. Rabin begins his career as a highly motivated physician who looks after his patients with the greatest of care. However, he is soon disillusioned by the "uselessness" of his task, neglects to visit the wards, and becomes indifferent to his patients' plight. Rabin eases his conscience with the thought that every man is born to die and concludes that "suffering leads man to perfection." The doctor fills his time reading books and discussing questions of immortality with the postmaster Mikhail Averianych. Rabin proposes to his friend that life is "a vexatious trap" in which mankind's only solace is the company of other intelligent men. As Rabin grows more preoccupied with death and the meaning of life, he turns away from Mikhail and toward Gromov for intellectual companionship. Initially spiteful and hostile, the lunatic mocks Rabin for his "rationalizations" and stoic philosophy. Gromov's attitude then softens to one of "condescending irony" as he sees how the doctor values his opinions. The hospital staff grows concerned for Rabin's sanity, and even the doctor notices "an air of mystery" all around him. Things come to a head when Rabin is invited to attend a committee meeting that is actually an inquiry into his psychological health. Rabin is "insulted and angered" by this patronizing treatment and decides to go on a trip to Moscow and Warsaw with Mikhail.The trip is not a success as Rabin grows annoyed with his friend and spends all of his money on paying their expenses. On his return, the doctor finds that he has been ousted from his post by Dr. Khobotov and fired without a pension. Although Mikhail vows to pay back all the money he owes, Rabin sinks into a fatalistic depression. He decides that every facet of his life is "trivial and inconsequential" and is rudely dismissive of Dr. Khobotov's and Mikhail's offers of help. Although he later apologizes for his outbursts, Rabin finds himself tricked by Khobotov into entering ward no. 6. Once there, Rabin finds that he cannot leave and fearfully concedes that he is being shown "real life" for the first time. Egged on by Gromov, Rabin is beaten by Nikita for daring to protest at his incarceration. The doctor miserably concludes that just as he unconsciously abused the lunatics during the past, so he too is being unjustly treated. The following day, Rabin dies of an apoplectic stroke. Before he passes into "oblivion forever," the doctor rejects the philosophy of immortality and has a vision of running deer. Only the doctor's old cook and his faithful friend Mikhail attend the funeral.

3) La Peau de ChagrinLa Peau de chagrin The Magic Skin or The Wild Ass's Skin) is an 1831novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850). Set in early 19th-century Paris, it tells the story of a young man who finds a magic piece of shagreen that fulfills his every desire. For each wish granted, however, the skin shrinks and consumes a portion of his physical energy. La Peau de chagrinbelongs to the Études philosophiquesgroup of Balzac's sequence of novels,La Comédie humaine.Before the book was completed, Balzac created excitement about it by publishing a series of articles and story fragments in several Parisian journals. Although he was five months late in delivering the manuscript, he succeeded in generating sufficient interest that the novel sold out instantly upon its publication. A second edition, which included a series of twelve other "philosophical tales", was released one month later.Although the novel uses fantastic elements, its main focus is a realistic portrayal of the excesses of bourgeois materialism. Balzac's renowned attention to detail is used to describe a gambling house, an antique shop, a royal banquet, and other locales. He also includes details from his own life as a struggling writer, placing the main character in a home similar to the one he occupied at the start of his literary career. The central theme of La Peau de chagrin is the conflict between desire and longevity. The magic skin represents the owner's life-force, which is depleted through every expression of will, especially when it is employed for the acquisition of power. Ignoring a caution from the shopkeeper who offers him the skin, the protagonist greedily surrounds himself with wealth, only to find himself miserable and decrepit at the story's end.La Peau de chagrin firmly established Balzac as a writer of significance in France. His social circle widened significantly, and he was sought eagerly by publishers for future projects. The book served as the catalyst for a series of letters he exchanged with a Polish baroness named Ewelina Hańska, who later became his wife. It also inspired Giselher Klebe's opera Die tödlichen Wünsche.

4) The Divine Comedy- by Dante Alighieri The Divine Comedy  is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed 1320, a year before his death in 1321. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlifeis representative of themedieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.On the surface, the poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven; but at a deeper level, it represents, allegorically, the soul's journey towards God.At this deeper level, Dante draws on medieval Christian theology and philosophy, especially Thomistic philosophy and the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas.Consequently, theDivine Comedy has been called "the Summa in verse".The work was originally simply titled Comedìa and was later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio. The first printed edition to add the word divina to the title was that of the Venetian humanist Lodovico Dolce,published in 1555 by Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari.


5) The Picture of Dorian Grey-by Oscar Wild The Picture of Dorian Gray is an 1891philosophical novel by writer andplaywright Oscar Wilde. First published as a serial story in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, the editors feared the story was indecent, and without Wilde's knowledge, deleted five hundred words before publication. Despite that censorship, The Picture of Dorian Gray offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding the public morality. In response, Wilde aggressively defended his novel and art in correspondence with the British press.Wilde revised and expanded the magazine edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) for publication as a novel; the book edition (1891) featured an aphoristic preface — an apologia about the art of the novel and the reader. The content, style, and presentation of the preface made it famous in its own literary right, as social and cultural criticism. In April 1891, the editorial house Ward, Lock and Company published the revised version of The Picture of Dorian Gray.The only novel written by Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray exists in two versions, the 1890 magazine edition and the 1891 book edition, the story he submitted for serial publication in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.As literature of the 19th century, The Picture of Dorian Gray is an example of Gothic fiction with strong themes interpreted from the legendary Faust.

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